Organic psychosis refers to a group of diseases currently classified as “mental disorders due to a medical illness”, unlike the absence of specific organic causality that exists in primary disorders. These are secondary to long-term processes , which is necessary to re-evaluate frequently due to the association between age-related deterioration, comorbidity and the evolution of psychosis itself. We present the case of a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation, who suffered from a slight change in behavior and decreased cognitive functions with subsequent evolution to dissociative symptoms, episodes of hypersomnia and disconnection from the environment, through assessment joint of specialties was reached the diagnosis of organic psychosis type schizophreniform disorder.
elderly
Relación entre la depresión y la demencia. Relationship between depression and dementia
The high association of depression and dementia in the elderly has motivated to investigate the type of relationship that exists between them. The objective of this narrative review was to describe the relationship between depression and dementia, for which the Medline, Science Direct, Dialnet, Redalyc databases were reviewed between 2000 and 2021, with the verbal descriptors “dementia” AND “depression” AND “relationship” AND “older adult” OUT “caregiver depression” to locate the candidate documents and then select the final sample made up of 60 published articles, which were reviewed by three judges for selection. Seven explanations of the relationship between dementia and depression were identified in which depression is considered a risk factor for dementia, a prodrome, a consequence, among others. Likewise, there was evidence that, although all the hypotheses have scientific support, there are also indications of their refutability. The types of relationship with the greatest scientific support were “depression as a risk factor” and “as a prodrome of dementia”, although the limitations in the studies prevent clarifying the relationship between these entities. Longitudinal studies that review the history of depression are suggested as a useful methodology to determine the relationship between them.
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Efectividad del Foto-Test Frente al MMSE, Para el Cribado del Deterioro Cognitivo en Población Peruana. Effectiveness Of The Photo-Test Front Of The MMSE, For The Screening Of Cognitive Deterioration In Peruvian Population.
The progressive increase of Alzheimer’s disease has generated interest in its early detection with cognitive screening tests being a useful tool, however, they need to be culturally adapted, objective and reliable. In Peru, this need is greater since the educational level of the elderly population is mostly low. The aim of the present study is to know the estimate sensitivity and specificity of FOTOTEST against MMSE for the screening/detection of cognitive impairment, analyzing the relationship of these cognitive tests with one of functional activity. 107 elderly people, aged 60-89 years, were evaluated. The Yesavage scale for geriatric depression was used, the functional activities questionnaire of Pfeffer, MMSE, and FOTOTEST. Pearson’s analysis showed a significant positive correlation between MMSE/FOTOTEST (Pearson 0.386, p <0.003), whereas only MMSE showed a significant negative correlation with PFAQ (Pearson -0.320, p <0.013). However, FOTOTEST did not show a significant correlation with PFAQ (Pearson -0.067, p <0.613). In addition, the percentage of effectiveness and specificity estimated for FOTOTEST was 100.00% and 92.68%, respectively, higher than the MMSE, with an estimated percentage of effectiveness being 83.33%, and specificity of 34.14%. We conclude that FOTOTEST would be a more useful test for the detection of cognitive impairment than MMSE.
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Capacidad Diagnóstica y Validación Preliminar del Test del Reloj, Versión de Cacho a la Orden, para Enfermedad de Alzheimer de Grado Leve en Población Chilena
Background: To perform a study with discriminant power and validity using the Clock drawing Test by instruction (CDTI) in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (MAD).
Materials and Methods: Phase I diagnostic test study. We included a healthy control arm of 58 elderly people and 40 cases with mild Alzheimer’s disease. All participants were examined and diagnosed by clinical consensus. The MMSE, CDTI and clinical record were obtained.
Results: There were significant differences between the study groups regarding cognitive tests’ performance when comparing age and education, but no differences were found when comparing gender. ANCOVA test showed no significant effect exerted by the demographic variables on cognitive performance in any group. The sensitivity (CTO=84% vs MMSE=79,3%), specificity (92,5% vs
82,5%) and diagnostic utility of the CDTO were higher than one’s resulting form the MMSE (=0,90, p=0,000). The combined use of both
instruments increased diagnostic capacity. The best cutoff point for the diagnosis of mild dementia was ≤6 points in CDTO and ≤23 in
MMSE. Both instruments correlated statistically.
Conclusions: The CTO is a useful test and can discriminate between cognitively healthy subjects and patients with EAL when appliying the “to order” criteria from Cacho’s version.
