Resumen

doi: 10.46997/revecuatneurol31300047

Estudios han demostrado la relación entre polimorfismos del gen MAOA y el desarrollo de comportamiento antisocial, pues varones con polimorfismos de baja actividad (MAOA-L), son más susceptibles a desarrollar comportamientos violentos que los varones con polimorfismos de alta actividad (MAOA-H). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la literatura científica disponible, sobre la relación del genotipo polimórfico de MAOA y el desarrollo de comportamiento antisocial en varones, considerando el ambiente, como modulador genotípico. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica. Se seleccionaron artículos cuya muestra fuesen adolescentes y adultos varones con polimorfismos del gen MAOA. Se omitieron estudios en mujeres, revisiones, datos no publicados y modelos animales. Se analizaron 12 artículos: 10 estudios (83.4%) concluyeron que el genotipo MAOA-L más adversidades en la infancia, factores psicosociales o alcoholismo, tenían mayor riesgo de desarrollar comportamientos antisociales, 1 estudio (8.3%) concluyó que, el genotipo MAOA-H, asociado al consumo exagerado de alcohol y abuso durante la infancia, poseían mayor riesgo de cometer delitos y 1 estudio (8.3%), sugirió la inexistente relación entre el genotipo MAOA-SNPs y la violencia. Se concluye que, los varones con MAOA-L asociado a factores ambientales poseen mayor susceptibilidad de desarrollar comportamiento antisocial que los que poseen el genotipo MAOA-H.

Summary

Studies have shown the relationship between polymorphisms of the MAOA gene and the development of antisocial behavior, as men with low activity polymorphisms (MAOA-L) are more susceptible to develop violent behaviors than men with high activity polymorphisms (MAOA-H). The objective of the present work was to analyze the available scientific literature on the relationship of the polymorphic genotype of MAOA and the development of antisocial behavior in men, considering the environment as a genotypic modulator. A bibliographic review was carried out. Articles were selected whose sample consisted of male adolescents and adults with polymorphisms of the MAOA gene. Studies in women, reviews, unpublished data, and animal models were omitted. Twelve articles were analyzed: 10 studies (83.4%) concluded that the MAOA-L genotype plus childhood adversities, psychosocial factors, or alcoholism, had a higher risk of developing antisocial behaviors, 1 study (8.3%) concluded that the MAOA- genotype- H, associated with excessive alcohol consumption and abuse during childhood, had a higher risk of committing crimes and 1 study (8.3%) suggested the non-existent relationship between the MAOA-SNPs genotype and violence. We concluded that men with MAOA-L associated with environmental factors are more susceptible to develop antisocial behavior than those with the MAOA-H genotype.

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