Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Neurología, de la Liga Ecuatoriana Contra la Epilepsia y de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular

Rehabilitación

 

Síndrome de Millard-Gubler en un paciente joven: diagnóstico y neurorrehabilitación temprana. Millard-Gubler syndrome in a young patient: diagnosis and early neurorehabilitation.

Introduction: Millard-Gubler syndrome (MGS) is a rare neurological entity that affects the brainstem by multiple etiologies. The diagnosis is clinical and requires confirmation by imaging studies such as CT or MRI. Treatment is generally non-surgical with a rehabilitative approach with functional goals.

Clinical findings: In this case we present a 44-year-old male patient from southwestern Colombia, with a history of arterial hypertension who was admitted to the emergency department of a national reference university hospital with a hypertensive emergency and white organ lesion, presenting a sudden loss of mobility of his left hemibody accompanied by involvement of the VI and VII cranial nerves.

Treatment and outcome: Interventions were initiated by a multidisciplinary team, including the rehabilitation service, making the diagnosis of crossed brainstem syndrome (Millard-Gubler) of hemorrhagic vascular etiology. He required monitoring in the NICU until stabilization of his clinical condition, after which early neurological rehabilitation interventions were performed (physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, orthotics, psychology and pain), achieving an improvement in symptoms and functionality of the motor and cognitive component before h ospital discharge.

Conclusions: This case reflects the importance of a multidisciplinary team with a physician specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation to ensure the best possible functional outcome, in addition to reporting the interventions performed in a young patient with a rare neurovascular entity.

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Entrenamiento sensoriomotor en casa en personas mayores con Enfermedad Parkinson durante el periodo de confinamiento por COVID-19: Estudio piloto. Sensorimotor training at home in elderly people with Parkinson’s Disease during the period of confinement due to COVID-19: A pilot study

The pandemic caused those therapeutic activities associated with people with Parkinson’s disease to be suspended (PD) with the aim of preventing COVID-19 infections by increasing motor and non-motor symptoms, due to social isolation and stress. Therefore, there was a rise of care based on telemedicine to continue the treatment in the context of a health emergency, promoting training at home. The objective of this experimental research was to document the effects of a sensorimotor training program (NM-FITT®) in people with PD through weekly telematic follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with pre, inter and post test evaluations that characterized the physical, functional condition and quality of life, in an intervention group (n=5) and a control group (n=5) of elderly people (69.5 ±4.5 years) with PD in Hoehn & Yahr stages 1 to 3, for 18 weeks, through an exercise manual, video calls and telephone follow-up. Favorable and significant effects were demonstrated on all the parameters studied after the application of the intervention in detriment of the health condition of the persons who did not participate in the home training program.

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Principios del aprendizaje motor: Una revisión sobre sus aplicaciones en la rehabilitación del accidente cerebrovascular. Motor learning principles: A review of their applications in stroke rehabilitation

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Despite the functional consequences, a recovery process can occur in these patients thanks to the neuroplasticity mechanisms preserved after brain damage. Recovery of movement patterns after stroke has been suggested to be based on a learning process. Motor learning is an approach that has recently generated a great deal of attention in the field of neurorehabilitation. Thanks to its association with neuroplastic mechanisms, the implementation of motor learning principles has shown positive results during motor skills learning in stroke patients. The present study offers a review of the fundamentals of motor learning and its various strategies to promote the learning of a motor skill. This article provides a concise overview of the implications of motor learning in stroke rehabilitation, describing the strategies, therapeutic approaches, and assessment parameters used respectively to promote and evaluate motor learning in stroke patients.

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Neuroimagen de la reorganización cortical en pacientes con lesión medular.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury promotes an afferent and efferent disconnection from the cortex causing neurologic deficits. Many imaging studies have shown that neuroplasticity occurs after effective treatments in patients with spinal cord injury.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to make a bibliographic review of the treatments applied after spinal cord injury, studying neuroplasticity and how supraespinal structures react to these treatments as shown by neuroimaging tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Development: Treatments including cell transplantation, antibodies against myelin inhibitors or against antagonists of their receptors, surgical rebuilding methods and motor rehabilitation, can compensate the loss of function of the areas with injury. This improvement is characterized by cortical activation changes.

Conclusion: We conclude that the treatments currently used produce good results in relation to the sensorimotor reorganization in patients with spinal cord injury. fMRI is a valuable tool for the study of cerebral changes in spinal injury.

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