neurociencia

Prevalencia de neuromitos en académicos universitarios de Chile. Neuromyth prevalence in university academics in Chile

Introduction: A neuromyth is an interpretation error derived from a misunderstanding or mistaken belief about scientific findings, being frequent in educational contexts, but also in the area of neurology and other neurosciences. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of neuromyths among Chilean university scholars.

Methodology: Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. The instrument used was the Neuromyth Prevalence Questionnaire, Spanish version. The sample considered 64 scholars from six Chilean universities.

Results: Among university teachers of education careers, four neuromyths had a prevalence higher than 70% in the items related to the relevance of the stimuli in the preschool stage and that individuals learn better when they receive information according to a learning style (visual, auditory or kinesthetic, VAK).

Conclusions and Recommendations: In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of neuromyths among the Chilean university scholars studied. As a challenge of scholar performance, they should adequately disseminate neuroscience research, as this impacts student training and their professional future. Furthermore, the awareness about neuromyths that prevail among them will allow us to address the dismissal of misconceptions that have lasted for a long time in the complex scenario of the interaction between educational sciences and neurosciences.

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Palabras clave: académicos, educación, neurociencia, neuromitos,

Keywords: academics, education, neuromyths, neuroscience,

Bioética, Neurociencia y Neurología. Bioethics, Neuroscience and Neurology.

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Palabras clave: Bioética, editorial, neurociencia, neurología,

La Musicoterapia Neurológica Como Modelo de Neurorrehabilitación. Neurologic Music Therapy As A Neurorehabilitation Model.

Neurologic music therapy (NMT) is being implemented in hospitals and neurorehabilitation facilities around the world, thanks to the abundant neuroscience research and to the growing interest in the effects of music on the brain. Recognized and endorsed by the World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, neurologic music therapy is utilized as a non-pharmacological, non-invasive intervention to treat patients with neurologic disease that present cognitive, motor, and/or language impairments. This article aspires to introduce this discipline as an effective, evidence-based method of treatment for neurologic disease.

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Palabras clave: musicoterapia neurológica, neurociencia, Neurorrehabilitación, trastornos cognitivos, trastornos del lenguaje, trastornos motores, trastornos neurológicos,

Keywords: cognitive impairment, language impairment, motor impairment, neurologic disorders, neurologic music therapy, Neurorehabilitation, neuroscience,

Conceptos Fundamentales en la Teoría Neuropsicológica. Fundamental Concepts In The Neuropsychological Theory.

This article presents three concepts that are fundamental in the neuropsychological theoretical: (a) historical data in the study of the human brain, (b) neuropsychological evaluation of brain functions and (c) neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain functions. As relevant data in the theoretical development of the study of the human brain is a tour of the trepanation acts performed hundreds of years ago, the contributions of phrenology, the masterful findings of Broca and Wernicke, the heuristic contribution of Luria and the current revolution with the neuro-image. In the neuropsychological evaluation of brain functions, the role of specific, non-specific and delayed observation tests in the interpretation of the neuropsychological state of the human being is analyzed, which allow analyzing neuropsychological functions in the laboratory and in real lifeactivities. Finally, we analyze the process of neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain functions, where mention is made of the processes of restoration, compensation, substitution, activation-stimulation and integration, which are very useful when intervening in a brain that has suffered an acquired damage. It is concluded that the current accelerated pace has determined the advance of neuroscience, where technology and the forceful scientific contribution propose new techniques and theories to understand the processes of evaluation and rehabilitation of brain functioning.

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Palabras clave: cerebro humano, Desarrollo teórico, estudio, evaluación neuropsicológica, neurociencia, rehabilitación neuropsicológica,

Keywords: human brain, Neuropsychological Evaluation, neuropsychological rehabilitation, neuroscience, Theoretical development study,

Sobre Neurociencia y Proceso Judicial.

Neuroscience is a relatively new field of study that is introducing challenges in different fields of knowledge and has begun to generate interest in legal scholars and philosophers. The dialogue and debate between Law and neuroscience has become urgent. Neurociencia y proceso judicial [traducción libre: Neuroscience and judicial process], a work published in 2013, gives a good account of that. Its eight essays written by legal scholars and legal philosophers explores a wide spectrum of issues and suggestive connections between procedural law, philosophy of evidence, legal philosophy, scientific and technological advances on the study of the brain and its functioning, and some of the postulates from certain neuroscientific currents. This article contains a review of that work.