Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Neurología, de la Liga Ecuatoriana Contra la Epilepsia y de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular

meningitis

 

Caracterización Clínica y Desenlaces Hospitalarios en Adultos Con Meningitis en un Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Colombia (2019–2021). Clinical Characteristics And In-Hospital Outcomes In Adults With Meningitis In A High-Complexity Hospital In Colombia (2019–2021)

Introduction: Bacterial meningitis in adults is a time-dependent medical emergency due to its rapid progression, risk of septic shock, and severe neurological complications. The objective was to characterize the clinical profile, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytochemical findings, and in-hospital outcomes in adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of meningitis.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a high-complexity hospital in Tunja, Colombia, a regional referral center. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of meningitis who underwent diagnostic lumbar puncture between 2019 and 2021 were included.

Results: Thirty-two patients were included, with a median age of 52 years and a male predominance. The most frequent symptoms were headache and fever; 53.1% presented with altered mental status at admission. CSF analysis showed pleocytosis with predominance of polymorphonuclear cells, low glucose levels, and elevated protein concentrations. In-hospital mortality was 21.9%, 25.0% of patients required admission to the intensive care unit, and 84.4% developed at least one complication.

Conclusions: Patients exhibited a clinical and cytochemical profile consistent with bacterial etiology and a high frequency of adverse outcomes (mortality ~22% and 84% complications). These findings highlight the severity of the condition and the need for timely diagnosis and treatment.

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Palabras clave: complicaciones, Infecciones, líquido cefalorraquídeo, Meninges, meningitis, Mortalidad,

Keywords: cerebrospinal fluid, complications, Infections, Meninges, meningitis, Mortality,

Complicaciones neurológicas post-vacuna COVID. Neurological complications post-COVID vaccine.

Post-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 neurological complications are rare. However, due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, massive vaccination has been carried out worldwide, which is why we have seen a greater report of post-vaccination neurological adverse effects.
We present 4 cases, which after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine presented 4 different neurological pathologies at the Hospital Comarcal de Vinaroz during the year 2021.
A relationship between vaccination and the onset of neurological symptoms is observed. Three patients presented clinical manifestations in relation to the BNT162b2 vaccine. The first patient after administration of the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine presented diplopia and palpebral ptosis, a condition compatible with ocular Myasthenia gravis. The second patient had symptoms of acute sensory motor axonal polyneuropathy after the third dose. The third patient, who after the third dose of BNT162b2 presented lethargic encephalopathy. The fourth patient presented symptoms compatible with aseptic meningitis after AZD1222 and mRNA-1273 vaccination.
Due to the worldwide mass vaccination campaign, reports of accidentally related or causally linked neurological complications are emerging. These are very varied; they could be related to immunological and/or toxic mechanisms. Physicians must be aware of these possible adverse effects and rule out other causes. Studies should be carried out that allow us to clarify the pathological mechanisms in relation to post-vaccination complic ations.

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Palabras clave: Encefalopatía, meningitis, miastenia, polineuropatía, SARS-CoV-2,

Keywords: Encephalopathy, meningitis, myasthenia, polyneuropathy, SARS-CoV-2,

Meningitis Criptocócica. Diferentes Contextos Clínicos y Complicaciones. Serie de 7 Casos. Cryptococal Meningitis. Different Clinical Context And Complications. Seven Cases.

Introduction. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a serious infection of the Central Nervous System. The diagnosis and treatment of these patients is often complex, due to the severity of the clinical manifestations and their complications. The aim of this study is to describe the different clinical contexts, the neuroradiological characteristics and the complications of patients with CM.

Patients. We performed a retrospective review of clinical and radiological factors of 7 patient’s diagnosis and treated with CM during the period October 2016 and September 2017, at the Eugenio Espejo Hospital.

Results. Male sex was predominant (6/7), with an average age of 31.6 years (Range 19-44). The average time for the diagnosis was 8.1 weeks. Immunosuppression causes were evidenced in 5 patients, two HIV positive, one case with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, CD4 idiopathic lymphopenia and Primary Intestinal Linfagectasia respectively. Three patients developed complications as disseminated cryptococcosis, visual acuity and hearing loss, mortality rate reach 26.8% of patients. Hypoglycorrhachia was a relevant feature with average 12.7mmg / dl. In MRI, the most common lesion was dilatation of Virchow Robins spaces (5/7), followed by ischemic lesions.

Conclusions. CM is characterized for high morbidity and mortality, initial symptoms may be nonspecific and delays the diagnosis as well as initiation of antifungal agents. Several predisposing immunosuppressive conditions can be found and sometimes a diagnostic challenge.

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Palabras clave: comorbilidades, complicaciones, Criptococo Neoformans, meningitis, Meningitis Criptocócica, Mortalidad, resonancia magnética,

Keywords: comorbidities, complication, Cryptococcal meningitis, Cryptococcal Neoformans, Magnetic Resonance Image, meningitis, Mortality,
 
 
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