Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Neurología, de la Liga Ecuatoriana Contra la Epilepsia y de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular

Memory

 

Rehabilitación neuropsicológica en memoria declarativa y la funcionalidad en un adulto con epilepsia y lobectomía temporal izquierda. Neuropsychological rehabilitation program on declarative memory and functionality in an adult with epilepsy and left temporary lobectomy

Introduction: Surgical intervention is a treatment option for refractory epilepsy, and after this procedure cognitive alterations may occur. Software-based intervention approaches represent an alternative to traditional approaches.

Objective: To identify the effect of a neuropsychological rehabilitation plan for declarative memory in an adult with left temporal lobectomy, on their functional abilities.

Methodology: A single-case quasi-experimental design was used; the participant was a 45-year-old woman with memory problems and difficulties in performing daily activities. The intervention was carried out using the CogniFit rehabilitation software, and the Functioning Classification Scale and the Quality of Life Questionnaire in Epilepsy were used for the measurement. 

Results: A large effect (NAP; 95%) was found in both indices.

Conclusions: The implementation of a software-based program allows a comprehensive rehabilitation.

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Palabras clave: Epilepsia, lobectomía temporal, Memoria, rehabilitación neuropsicológica,

Keywords: Epilepsy, Memory, neuropsychological rehabilitation, temporal lobectomy,

Music therapy intervention for memory, attention, and language in children with dyslalia. Intervención musicoterapéutica para mejorar la memoria, atención y lenguaje in niños con dislalia

Dyslalia is a language disorder that is present in a wide percentage of children. This work proposes an intervention protocol in music therapy to improve attention, memory, and language for children with the dyslalia disorder. A confirmatory mixed-method design composed of two studies was conducted: the first included a quantitative and pre-experimental design with a sample of 20 children aged between 5 and 8 years (Mage=6.45, SD=1.23) diagnosed with dyslalia. The second study used a qualitative confirmatory methodology, where participants’ parents and therapists participated. Wepman’s and the initial Luria pre- and post-tests measurements were applied. The results of the pre-experiment found statistically significant improvements in verbal regulation t(19)=-5.03, p=<.001, d=.76, attention t(19)=-5.05, p=<.001, d=.76, and memory t(19)=-2.88, p=.009, d=.55. In the qualitative phase, narratives were found that affirmed the positive results of the pre-experiment. Moreover, data surrounding the benefits of the music therapy intervention protocol in the improvement of cognitive processes and the relationship with previous literature that found positive results with this type of intervention are discussed.

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Palabras clave: Atención, dislalia, intervención, Lenguaje, Memoria, musicoterapia, Tratamiento,

Keywords: Attention, dyslalia, intervention, Language, Memory, music therapy, Treatment,

Una propuesta para la evaluación de la Prueba de Wada en pacientes analfabetos: Presentación de un caso.

In the preoperative neuropsychological evaluation of certain patients with epilepsy it is important to determine the hemispheric dominance; particularly in those of doubtful laterality, due to the high postoperative risks of affectation of the language and the memory. The test of Wada allows guiding the neurosurgeon about the possible impact of the surgical procedure in the hemispheric areas related to the language and the memory. Although it is well-known that the execution in diagnostic neuropsychological tests is under the influence of an important series of variables, as the culture and the educational level, until now there are not specific protocols for this kind of exploration in illiterate patients. In this study we describe the experience in the test of WADA of an illiterate patient with epilepsy diagnosis and cerebral congenital left hemiatrophy, of left-handed manual laterality. With base in the protocol of Trenerry and Loring the language tasks and memory were implemented according to the patient’s cultural context. It was found a right hemispheric representation for the language and the memory. These results confirm the effects of the cerebral plasticity in the reorganization and /or compensation of the cognitive functions, as the language and the memory in the cerebral hemisphere not affected.

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Palabras clave: Dominancia hemisférica, Epilepsia, Lenguaje, Memoria, Plasticidad cerebral, Prueba de Wada,

Keywords: Cerebral plasticity, Epilepsy, Hemispheric dominance, Language, Memory, Test of Wada,

Neurobiología del Estrés Agudo y Crónico: Su Efecto en el Eje Hipotálamo-Hipófisis-Adrenal y la Memoria.

The presently available data about stress and its effects is too broad. That’s why this paper will focus on the effect of stress hormones in some brain areas, like limbic structures and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this way we will discuss how repetitive stress can change those areas, mainly by the effect on its two types of nuclear receptors, changing the basal activity of the amygdala, hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex, resulting in an increased hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal axis function and impairing cognitive functions like memory. However, the exact mechanism by which these effects are produced is poorly understood. That is why one of the challenges for future research is to link the cellular changes with its behavioral effects in order to understand how it works in a living organism.

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Palabras clave: Eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal, Estrés crónico, Glucocorticoides, Memoria, Potenciación sináptica a largo plazo,

Keywords: Chronic stress, Glucocorticoids, Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, Long-term synaptic potentiation, Memory,
 
 
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