A robust body of literature confirms the importance of developing the skills of self-regulation (working memory, attention and inhibitory control) from the early years, considering their impact on the achievements of the present and future success (eg adaptation to the school context, academic achievements, social participation). The aim of this review is to summarize the information on neuroscientific research on the topic of self-regulation, between 2000 and 2019, which has provided information to better understanding: (1) development processes between 0 and 8 years of age, each of these skills mentioned and (2) some of the factors involved in this process. The results confirm that both the chronological maturity and the experiences of the children will favor the optimal development of these skills. Additionally, each skill emerges and takes roots according to its own processes and time frames, turning into behavioral and neurological manifestations. Relevant factors can be either biological or contextual/social that will influence how these skills are developed and expressed in everyday life.

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