Introduction: Central nervous system tumors are neoplasms with high frequency during childhood, with an incidence of 31,2 cases per million children, the most common being astrocytoma. These are the product of a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors that determine not only their appearance, but also their behavior and prognosis. The clinical presentation of these neoplasms ranges from the sudden and clear, to the gradual and ambiguous, which represents a barrier to carrying out an adequate approach and an early diagnosis. That is the reason to destinate many resources for evaluation and standarization of new diagnostic methods like tumor markers. Objective: To provide a clear review of central nervous system tumors and new perspectives in diagnosis. Methods: A search of the literature was carried out in databases using the descriptors central nervous system, neoplasms, astrocytoma. 25 articles were included in spanish and english. Conclusion: Central nervous system tumors have a significant relevance in the pediatric population. Their behavior and prognosis necessitate searching for new aids for an early diagnosis.
