Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Neurología, de la Liga Ecuatoriana Contra la Epilepsia y de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular

neuropsychological rehabilitation

 

Rehabilitación neuropsicológica de la memoria de trabajo sobre la conducta ejecutiva y el rendimiento académico en un niño con trastorno específico del aprendizaje. Neuropsychological rehabilitation of working memory on executive behavior and academic performance in a child with specific learning disorder

Introduction: Learning disorders are a clinical condition that manifests itself at school age, affecting the cognitive, social and emotional functioning of the individuals who suffer from it. There are studies that show a positive effect of interventions on executive functioning, impacting the executive behaviors and ac ademic performance of children.

Objective: To assess the effect of a neuropsychological rehabilitation program for working memory on executive behavior and academic performance in a child with specific learning disor der.

Clinical case: An 11-year-old boy, diagnosed with a specific learning disorder according to the DSM-5, a working memory rehabilitation program was designed and applied and its impact on executive behaviors and academic performance was measured.

Results: The measurements of the treatment phase show a downward trend reflecting a positive impact. For the global index of executive function, the percentage of data that exceeds the median (PEM= 100%) indicates a very effective treatment and the non-overlapping of all pairs (NAP=89%) indicates a medium effect of the intervention.

Discussion: The results suggest a positive impact at the level of cognitive, behavioral and emotional functioning of the patient, reflected in executive behavior and academic performance.

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Palabras clave: Conductas ejecutivas, Memoria de Trabajo, rehabilitación neuropsicológica, Trastornos Específicos del Aprendizaje,

Keywords: executive behaviors, neuropsychological rehabilitation, Specific Learning Disorders, working memory,

Rehabilitación neuropsicológica en memoria declarativa y la funcionalidad en un adulto con epilepsia y lobectomía temporal izquierda. Neuropsychological rehabilitation program on declarative memory and functionality in an adult with epilepsy and left temporary lobectomy

Introduction: Surgical intervention is a treatment option for refractory epilepsy, and after this procedure cognitive alterations may occur. Software-based intervention approaches represent an alternative to traditional approaches.

Objective: To identify the effect of a neuropsychological rehabilitation plan for declarative memory in an adult with left temporal lobectomy, on their functional abilities.

Methodology: A single-case quasi-experimental design was used; the participant was a 45-year-old woman with memory problems and difficulties in performing daily activities. The intervention was carried out using the CogniFit rehabilitation software, and the Functioning Classification Scale and the Quality of Life Questionnaire in Epilepsy were used for the measurement. 

Results: A large effect (NAP; 95%) was found in both indices.

Conclusions: The implementation of a software-based program allows a comprehensive rehabilitation.

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Palabras clave: Epilepsia, lobectomía temporal, Memoria, rehabilitación neuropsicológica,

Keywords: Epilepsy, Memory, neuropsychological rehabilitation, temporal lobectomy,

El Uso de Programas Computarizados y su Efectividad en la Rehabilitación de Funciones Ejecutivas en Daño Cerebral Adquirido. The Use Of Computer Programs And Their Effectiveness In The Rehabilitation Of Executive Functions In Acquired Brain Damage.

Given the increase in the offer of computerized programs for the neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with acquired brain damage, it is important to know their efficacy and the advantages of their application on different processes. This article reviews the use of these programs in the neuropsychological rehabilitation of executive functions in patients with acquired brain damage.

The search was carried out in sources such as PUBMED, internet searches and some lists of bibliographic references. Controlled, randomized articles were reviewed, and due to the characteristics of the topic, quasi-experimental studies and a case study, adults, were also included, excluding only articles that included adults patients with acquired brain damage and who had executive function failure without specify one in particular and that they have received cognitive rehabilitation through computer programs. The results reflect weaknesses in the matching of the control groups, the size of their samples, and in the use of instruments for measuring executive functions to objectify efficacy. In general, the programs reviewed do not prove to be more effective than those of traditional pencil and paper interventions.

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Palabras clave: Daño cerebral adquirido, Funciones Ejecutivas, ordenador, rehabilitación neuropsicológica,

Keywords: Acquired brain damage, computer, Executive functions, neuropsychological rehabilitation,

Futbolistas Talentosos, el Gran Secreto Está en el Cerebro: La Gran Tragedia del Marshal y la Suerte de los Magos con un Sistema Nervioso Indemne. Talented Soccer Players, The Big Secret Is In The Brain: The Great Tragedy Of The Star Player And The Fate Of Magicians With A Preserved Nervous Systems.

In previous work, we have presented case studies from fascinating films for the eye of the neuropsychologist;1,2,3 continuing with this line of research, we describe here for your consideration a critical analysis of the role of brain functions in one of the most fascinating sports, soccer. In this analysis, we will look more closely at the brain damage suffered by the great footballer Salvador Cabañas and the role of the highly complex brain functions that allow the magical players to stand out in this sport. In the next pages, we present the case of Salvador Cabañas, both before and after his cerebral accident, and later we analyze the cerebral functions that are activated in brilliant players like Messi or Ronaldinho. We conclude this article by reflecting on the role of the brain in our normal human activities, and how catastrophic it becomes on a daily basis when our brain tissue is damaged so that as a result of this condition we can lose everything.

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Palabras clave: Daño cerebral adquirido, funcionamiento cerebral en deportistas, Funciones Ejecutivas, lóbulo frontal, rehabilitación neuropsicológica, traumatismo craneoencefálico,

Keywords: Brain damage, cerebral functioning in athletes, Executive functions, frontal lobe, neuropsychological rehabilitation, traumatic brain injury,

Conceptos Fundamentales en la Teoría Neuropsicológica. Fundamental Concepts In The Neuropsychological Theory.

This article presents three concepts that are fundamental in the neuropsychological theoretical: (a) historical data in the study of the human brain, (b) neuropsychological evaluation of brain functions and (c) neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain functions. As relevant data in the theoretical development of the study of the human brain is a tour of the trepanation acts performed hundreds of years ago, the contributions of phrenology, the masterful findings of Broca and Wernicke, the heuristic contribution of Luria and the current revolution with the neuro-image. In the neuropsychological evaluation of brain functions, the role of specific, non-specific and delayed observation tests in the interpretation of the neuropsychological state of the human being is analyzed, which allow analyzing neuropsychological functions in the laboratory and in real lifeactivities. Finally, we analyze the process of neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain functions, where mention is made of the processes of restoration, compensation, substitution, activation-stimulation and integration, which are very useful when intervening in a brain that has suffered an acquired damage. It is concluded that the current accelerated pace has determined the advance of neuroscience, where technology and the forceful scientific contribution propose new techniques and theories to understand the processes of evaluation and rehabilitation of brain functioning.

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Palabras clave: cerebro humano, Desarrollo teórico, estudio, evaluación neuropsicológica, neurociencia, rehabilitación neuropsicológica,

Keywords: human brain, Neuropsychological Evaluation, neuropsychological rehabilitation, neuroscience, Theoretical development study,
 
 
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