Neurophysiological and neuropsychological structures are factors that may be involved in the commission of criminal behavior, however, their evaluation in the forensic expert field is far from being considered as evidence or support in court cases in our context. The objective of this research was to identify the neurophysiological and neuropsychological bases involved in criminal behaviors through a quantitative systematic review. For this purpose, previous research housed in Scopus and Pubmed was taken into account. For this reason, a total of 15 articles were identified and analyzed through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results suggest that most of the neurophysiological structures involved in crimes come from areas linked to the frontal lobe and the limbic system or nearby. Likewise, it was identified that offenders present neuropsychological deficiencies related to decision-making, self-regulation, emotional recognition, aggressiveness, anticipation, planning, among others. In conclusion, it was possible to identify that those evaluated do indeed present neurophysiological and neuropsychological anomalies; however, the commission of criminal behaviors also depends on other biological and social factors. Finally, the systematic review opens the gap to the importance of including forensic neuropsychological evaluation for the clarification of crimes, thus generating one more piece of evidence in judicial processes.
neurophysiology
Uso del Electroencefalograma en un Hospital de Tercer Nivel
Objective: To describe the EEG indications in Baca Ortiz Children Hospital and how they are related to the EEG results. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study with a sample of 659 pediatric EEG records from March to June 2016. Data of variables related to EEG indications and EEG results were obtained, and it was done a descriptive statistics analysis. Results: Fifty-six percent of the patients were male. The mean age was 6.46 years. Seventy percent of EEG requests came from the Outpatient Area and 88.16% from Neurology as specialty. Fifty-six percent of indications were related to Epilepsy. Fifty-one percent of requests were inadequate, where Epilepsy had again the highest percentage, 24.13% of all indications or 47,04% or all inadequate indications. Eighty-one percent of the EEG results were abnormal. Conclusions: These results reflect that EEG was misused as a routine diagnostic method, even in Epilepsy.
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Construcción de una tabla de valores referenciales para un laboratorio de neurofisiología.
This is an study performed to develop a normal reference table of values for nerve conduction studies including sensory, motor and late responses (F Wave and H Reflexes) of the median, ulnar, radial, sural and peroneal nerves; same as also its correspondent late responses and the study of the median-flexor carpi radialis and tibial-soleus complexes in a neurophysiology laboratory located in an Andean city about 2600 m above the level of the sea. This consecutive study includes 100 patients referred for evaluation, free of neuropathic pathology same as also without risk factors associated to peripheral nerve disease. The mean age was 49 year old; with the lower and upper limits between 15 and 71 years old. The normal conduction values (and standard deviation) for sensory responses are (in meter by second): median nerve 53.3±2.2, ulnar nerve 55.2±3.6, radial nerve 54.8±4.2, sural nerve 57.5±5, and 53.1±4.5 in the superficial peroneal nerve. The motor conduction normal values are: 57.5±4.6 for the median nerve, 63.7±5.3 for the ulnar nerve, 57.9±4.2 the radial nerve, and 55.7±3.6 for the common peroneal nerve. The latency when we study the late responses showed as normal values (in milliseconds); 23.5±1.3 for the median nerve, 23.9±1.5 for the ulnar nerve, and, 40.0±2 for the peroneal nerve. The H Reflex latency also in milliseconds was 16.3±1.2 for the median-flexor carpi radialis complex; and 28.7±2 for the tibial-soleus complex. The results are very similar compared to the international published data, in relation to the height of the included subjects; the difference is related to this factor and shows normal responses once we eliminated the confound factors depending in the environment (skin temperature as the principal).
