magnetic resonance

Magnetic Resonance Poor Prognostic Factors In Mexican Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Factores de Mal Pronóstico Por Resonancia Magnética en Pacientes Mexicanos Con Esclerosis Múltiple.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is one of the main causes of disability in young people. It has characteristic lesions in magnetic resonance images which are part of diagnosis criteria, and some of them could predict a long-term disability. In mexican population there is no description about multiple sclerosis imaging characteristics.

Materials and methods: We performed an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrolective study at the Neurology Service of Specialties Hospital of Siglo XXI National Medical Center of Mexican Social Security Institute, in Mexico, evaluating magnetic resonance images characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis diagnosis between January 2017 and January 2020.

Results: 75 patients were included, 8% had 1-3 T2-weighted lesions, 18.6% had 4-9 T2-weighted lesions, and 73.3% had 10 or more T2-weighted lesions. 50.6% had infratentorial lesions and 61.3% had spinal cord lesions. Gadolinium enhancing lesions were found in 48%, with a median of lesions 2 (IQR 1,3).

Conclusions: Mexican patients with multiple sclerosis have a great incidence of magnetic resonance image poor prognosis factors, which should lead to a closer follow-up and influence treatment options.

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Palabras clave: Discapacidad, epidemiología, esclerosis múltiple, pacientes mexicanos, Pronóstico,

Keywords: Disability, epidemiology, magnetic resonance, mexican patients, multiple sclerosis, Prognosis,

Trombosis Venosa Cerebral: Consideraciones Actuales. Brain Venous Thrombosis: Current Considerations

Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon cause of cerebrovascular disease that mainly affects children and young adults, mostly in fertile-age-women.

Objectives: A contemporary review of the epidemiological, anatomical, pathophysiological, diagnostic and treatment characteristics of CVT.

Materials and methods: A bibliographic research was performed in the PubMed / MEDLINE database and including studies published in the period 2015-2020.

Development: The estimated-annual-incidence has been increasing in last years. Its diagnosis is established by clinical studies and neuroimaging, and laboratory studies. Although, the diagnosis is generally late due to a highly variable and nonspecific clinical presentation. Treatment target is preventing potential mortal complications, followed by anticoagulant therapy. In some cases, surgical thrombolytic procedures are indicated.

Conclusions: The diagnosis is based on a combination of MRI or CT studies. The current gold-standard treatment is low molecular weight heparin and warfarin.

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Palabras clave: resonancia magnética, tomografía computarizada, trombosis cerebral, Trombosis venosa,

Keywords: brain thrombosis, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, Venous thrombosis,

Coeficiente de Difusión Aparente en Tejido Encefálico: Valores de Normalidad en Población Colombiana Clínicamente Sana. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient In Brain Tissue: Values Of Normality In Clinically Healthy Colombian Population

Introduction: The diffusion sequences in magnetic resonance, including the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), represent a fundamental tool for the radiologist in the clinical diagnosis. However, there is no standardization for measurements between normal limits or a range of normal ADC values. Objective: To determine normal ADC values in the brain tissue for the clinical and radiologically healthy population. Methods: Cross-sectional study on retrospective data, ADC values were measured for 21 encephalic regions (frontal gray, parietal and temporal substance, frontal and parietal white matter, caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, internal capsule, cerebellar hemispheres bilaterally and bridge of the brainstem) in 90 clinically and radiologically healthy subjects, in two private clinics in Bogotá. Results: Normal ADC values, in a clinical and radiologically healthy population, in 21 encephalic territories, comparative analysis of the results according to the sex and age of the patients, and correlation between the measurements made by two researchers. Conclusions: The findings serve as a reference for the Colombian and normal Latin American population, establish a point of comparison for the evaluation of intracranial pathologies, and open the possibility to develop new research projects that seek to determine ADC values in sick population.