Studies have shown the relationship between polymorphisms of the MAOA gene and the development of antisocial behavior, as men with low activity polymorphisms (MAOA-L) are more susceptible to develop violent behaviors than men with high activity polymorphisms (MAOA-H). The objective of the present work was to analyze the available scientific literature on the relationship of the polymorphic genotype of MAOA and the development of antisocial behavior in men, considering the environment as a genotypic modulator. A bibliographic review was carried out. Articles were selected whose sample consisted of male adolescents and adults with polymorphisms of the MAOA gene. Studies in women, reviews, unpublished data, and animal models were omitted. Twelve articles were analyzed: 10 studies (83.4%) concluded that the MAOA-L genotype plus childhood adversities, psychosocial factors, or alcoholism, had a higher risk of developing antisocial behaviors, 1 study (8.3%) concluded that the MAOA- genotype- H, associated with excessive alcohol consumption and abuse during childhood, had a higher risk of committing crimes and 1 study (8.3%) suggested the non-existent relationship between the MAOA-SNPs genotype and violence. We concluded that men with MAOA-L associated with environmental factors are more susceptible to develop antisocial behavior than those with the MAOA-H genotype.

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