Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Neurología, de la Liga Ecuatoriana Contra la Epilepsia y de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular

abstract reasoning

 

Localización cerebral y actividad eléctrica del razonamiento abstracto mediante electroencefalografía cuantitativa: Una revisión sistemática. Brain localization and electrical activity of abstract reasoning using quantitative electroencephalography: A systematic review

Abstract reasoning is the ability to process and solve tasks by means of cognitive tools, based on analysis, synthesis, pattern recognition, among others, being classified as a characteristic of human intelligence. From neuropsychology it is important to know studies that have determined through neuroimaging techniques the location of the functional architecture of this cognitive ability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify brain areas and electrical activity using electroencephalography from abstract reasoning tasks. 

Through a systematic literature review based on the criteria of the PRISMA methodology, the academic databases PubMed, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Hinari, Dialnet, EBSCOhost were examined. The studies included in the review consist of articles from studies reviewed and published in the period 2016 to 2021. Ninety-six preliminary articles were identified, from which 16 studies were selected following the research inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show that by performing different abstract reasoning tasks, synchronous neuronal interactions in the Theta-Alpha frequency range with main activation in frontal and parietal areas are observed by means of electroencephalography.

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Validación de un paradigma de razonamiento abstracto para Resonancia Magnética funcional (RMf). Validation of an abstract reasoning paradigm for functional magnetic resonance (fMR).

The paradigms are the experimental tasks that are used to map the brain through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Its previous validation is essential to guarantee a successful record of the cognitive activity. A paradigm of abstract reasoning formed by a task of semantic and visual analogies was validated in young-adults between 18 and 30 years in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. The paradigm was programmed in PsychoPy 3, a free software for neuroscience experiments. The results indicated that the experimental paradigm was understandable and easy to solve. It was also found that the average response time in the semantic reasoning task was significantly lower than the average resolution time of the visual reasoning task. Therefore, it was possible to establish the number of stimuli and their average exposure time needed for a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

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