Empathy has an important research trajectory since the last century in cognitive neurosciences. From the definition as a concept, the construction of evaluation instruments for different ages and the search for domains and aspects that address this component are still in force. This review aims to collect representative findings in the history of the conceptualization of the term and the development of measurement in empathy in populations, with special emphasis on the work carried out with the child population with self-report tools and psychophysiological measures. The review showed that there is a promising research horizon with psychophysiological techniques such as the EEG for the evaluation of the construct. The need to deepen the search for patterns in the ontogeny of empathy in childhood is discussed, as well as the design of new forms of measurement through self-report for research practice in Spanish-speaking countries that involve social dynamics and demographics of these populations.

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