Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic cerebrovascular disorder, uncommon in non-Asian population, which is characterized by bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid arteries and their major branches, as well as by the neoformation of vessels at the base of the skull (rete mirabile) and branches originated from the external carotid artery, as a compensatory mechanism due to a chronic ischemia. Its peak age is biphasic appearing around 5 and 40 years of age. In children the predominant pictures are of ischemic types while, in adults it presents itself as hemorrhagic pictures. The digital angiography is pointed out as the gold standard among all the diagnostic methods, although similar results can be obtained with an angio-MRI and angio-CT. The disease’s treatment is merely surgical characterized by a revascularization achievement, either made in a direct or indirect form. The prognosis of these types of patients is not well defined yet; but it has been observed that its worst in which the disease appeared at an early age compared to those in whom it appeared later on.
