This study explores factorial validity of the Autism Spectrum Screening Test (ITEA) for the identification of autism in schooled children and adolescents in Ecuador. The psychometric study analyzes the validity and reliability, as well as internal consistency of the elements of the scale. The sample consisted of 848 autistic people, and 350 non-autistic, of ages between 4 and 17 years old, who attended regular schools. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis shows that the ITEA adjustment model behaves adequately for the Ecuadorian population, corroborated by means of a model of four first-order factors and a second-order general agglutinating factor with 32 items, in fact, the absolute, relative, and non-centrality-based fit indicators confirm this. In addition, the scale is highly reliable in terms of internal consistency with ω= .92 [.91 – .93], since it allows obtaining greater precision in the evaluation of the studied construct. It can be concluded that evidence of factorial validity and reliability show that the ITEA, in its structural model, is adequately adjusted for the screening of autism in schooled children with ages between 4 to 17 years old
in Ecuador. According to Support Vector Machines (SVM), which allows information regarding the accuracy of each evaluated item, the set of 42 items reached 89.04% Analysis using the Request for Evidence test (RFE) showed that, in order to increase the accuracy level of ITEA, 31 items exceeded the global value. Regarding the 7 categories evaluated (language, communication, social skills, affectivity, information processing, inflexibility, and sensory perception), a value of 89.387% was obtained, according to the SVM algorithm with “rbf” kernel. The data shows the ability of ITEA to show specific characteristics to identify autism
Autismo
Propiedades psicométricas de un Instrumento de Tamizaje para Autismo (ITEA) en niños y adolescentes del Ecuador. Psychometric properties of an Autism Screening Instrument (ITEA) in children and adolescents from Ecuador
Autismo en Ecuador: un Grupo Social en Espera de Atención. Autism In Ecuador: A Social Group Waiting For Attention.
Although increasing historical progresses have been achieved in defining the characteristics on a unusual behavior among people who could be on the autism spectrum disorder, unattended issues remain. Accuray is necessary for a correct diagnosis and urgent attention.
Ecuador is also part of this reality. This study is the first research that has been performed in the country, with 160 school-aged boys and girls coming from the mountains and the coast of Ecuador, 80 diagnosed with autism, and 80 neuro-typical kids. The results reveal the necessity to attend this matter. Surveys and confirmation cases including an innovative way of social insertion analysis show that the diagnostic processes demands important economical resources, and these economical resources could vary according to social insertion, and socio-spatial location; 26% of the children that were part of this study, received between 1 to 5 previous different diagnosis, 13,75% were mistakenly diagnosed; 46,2% of them, that were from the city of Guayaquil, and 23,7% from the city of Quito, spent more than one thousand dollars trying to get the diagnosis. This case-control study with children between ages of 2 and 12 years old, from Quito and Guayaquil, allows us to know the real situation of autism in Ecuador. It reveals major problems regarding on how to obtain a diagnosis, a therapeutic process, most of them related to the socio economical situation of the parents that were part of this study.
