Sleepiness

Predictores del nivel de somnolencia en pacientes con Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) most frequent symptom. The relationship between the level of daytime sleepiness and standard polysomnographic variables (i.e., apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] and oxygen saturation SaO2) has been the subject of a number of studies. To date, the results have been inconsistent. The goal of this study is to assess the variables significantly related with daytime sleepiness severity. The variables chosen were: AHI, percentage of total time that the subject remains with arterial oxygen saturation level below 90% (SaO2<90%), minimum oxygen saturation (SaO2 m), body mass index (BMI), and age. The study sample was composed of 51 obstructive sleep apnea patients selected from a medical centre.

Subjects completed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to determine daytime sleepiness. The OSAS was diagnosed by conventional polysomnography.

The results indicated significant correlations between level of daytime sleepiness and age (r=.302; p<.05), BMI (r=.339, p<.05), SaO2 m (r=-.393, p<.01) and SaO2 < 90% (r=.492, p<.01). Significant correlations were also found between AHI and SaO2<90% (r=.314, p<.05), BMI and SaO2<90% (r=.387; p<.05), and SaO2 m and SaO2<90% (r=- .746; p<. 01). No significant correlation was detected between AHI and level of daytime sleepiness. According to the results, the percentage of total time that the subject remains with arterial oxygen saturation level below 90% (SaO2< 90%) is the best predictor of daytime sleepiness severity.

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Palabras clave: Apnea, Índice de apnea-hipopnea, Índice de masa corporal, Saturación de oxígeno, Somnolencia,

Keywords: Apnea, Apnea-hypopnea index, Body mass index, Oxygen saturation, Sleepiness,

Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y accidentes de tráfico.

In recent years many studies have shown that Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is one of the biggest risk factors for drivers. The most severe patients report that they become sleepiness not only while driving on the highway or over long distances – during which the driver may stop the vehicle to sleep for a short time – but also during short distances around town. The interest raised by this problem has caused several studies to centre their objective on identifying the factors that are responsible for this increase in traffic accidents. Polysomnographic testing has verified that the sleep of these patients is fragmented which causes an excessive daily sleepiness and a sensation of tiredness and fatigue, which, up to a point can cause traffic accidents. Current work is revising some the studies which have been undertaken in order to evaluate the prevalence of traffic accidents in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome according to the statistics. At present the nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure is the treatment of choice of this syndrome. For that reason and in relation to the problem that we are studying, the traffic accidents in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, we have recently revised some of the studies that have been undertaken to evaluate up to what point the therapy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure diminishes the frequency of traffic accidents in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.