Background: Abnormal involuntary movements have been described in patients with hydrocephalus. However, the etiophatogenesis of this association has not been clarifed. We study the presence of dyskinesia, as weel as its clinical and demographic characteritics in patients with hydrocephalus. Design and patients: Series of cases studied during a 10 year period in a neurologic service of a third-level reference hospital. Nine subjects, 6 men and 3 women (mean age: 67 years) in whom hydrocephalus proced dyskinesia. Results: Hydrocephalus preced in 2.33 years the appearence of dyskinesia. Dyskinetic symptoms included tremor in 6 patients, parkinsonism in 1, and dystonia in 2. Five of these patients had family history of dyskinesia in parents or siblings. In 4 of them, the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt improved the abdominal movements. Conclusion: Hydrocephalus may trigger dyskinesia (tremor, parkinsonism, and cranial-cervical dystonia) in a group of susceptible patients who are in their sixties and have a familiy history of movement disorders. It is possible that hydrocephalus due to mechanic distrotion or to alteration of blood flow to the basal ganglia or both, causes an unbalance between the central and the peripheral impulses for tremor and parkinsonism to appear; on the other hand, ti might unlock the control that basal ganglia exert on the motor-neurones of the trigeminal and facial motro nuclei thus triggering the cranial-cervical dystonia.

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