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Discapacidad e inclusión educativa en la enseñanza superior de Honduras: Lecciones aprendidas. Disability and educational inclusion in higher education in Honduras: Lessons learned.
Palabras clave: Discapacidad,
educación superior,
Honduras,
inclusión educativa,
lecciones aprendidas,
Actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria en pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer. Basic and instrumental activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia.
Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) produces multiple alterations, both in the cognitive, behavioral and functional spheres. The basic activities of daily living (BADL) are affected in patients with AD, compared with subjects without cognitive impairment (SWCI). In this research, 50 patients with AD who met the diagnostic criteria established in the DSM-IV-TR and the NINCDSADRDA and 60 SWCI with similar sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the most affected BADL are the capacities of food, washing, dressing, arranging, transferring, walking, going up and down stairs and the least affected BADL were urination and the ability to go to the toilet, not being affected differentially in the deposition ability. These findings confirm the general hypothesis that patients with AD have involvement of the BADL compared with the SWCI.
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Palabras clave: actividades básicas de la vida diaria,
demencia tipo alzheimer,
Keywords: Alzheimer dementia,
Basic activities of daily living,
Disappointing agreement in the interpretation of neurological adverse events following immunization with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A case-series study. Pobre concordancia en la interpretación de eventos adversos neurológicos después de la inmunización con vacunas contra el SARS-CoV-2. Estudio de una serie de casos.
Background: A sizable proportion of the world’s population has been vaccinated to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. In clinical practice, however, almost any neurological manifestation occurring after vaccination has been attributed to the vaccine, generating doubts on their safety. In 2013, the WHO created the Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) criteria to establish the relationship between a vaccine and side effects, but they seem not to dispel doubts regarding severity and causality of neurological events following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This study aims to analyze consistency of the AEFI to designate probable side effects of SARSCoV-2 vaccines among patients who develop neurological symptoms after vaccination.
Methods: We measured the level of agreement using the Fleiss kappa methodology. Seventeen observers (five neurologists, four infectious disease specialists, and eight internal medicine residents) independently rated 11 cases treated in our service presenting neurological symptoms within 21 days after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination according to the AEFI criteria.
Results: We found low concordance agreements among the 17 raters regarding severity (k=0.088) and causality (k=0.025). When analyzing by raters’ subgroups, agreement for severity was moderately higher among neurologists (k=0.383) and for causality among internal medicine residents (k=0.117).
Conclusions: AEFI criteria do not allow, by themselves, to establish the relationship between a vaccine and adverse neurological effects. Therefore, it is essential to create more useful tools that allow doctors and lay people to be more confident in this challenge.
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Predictores de ansiedad durante la pandemia COVID-19 en estudiantes de medicina de Morelos, México. Predictors of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in medical students from Morelos, Mexico.
Introduction: Medical students are a group of concern in the face of COVID-19, as social distancing measures may affect their anxiety and be vulnerable to the emotional impact, since the profession is part of the first line of care in the face of this pandemic.
Objective: To describe the prevalence and predictors of anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in university medical students from Morelos, Mexico.
Method: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study using an online questionnaire, with Sociodemographic Characterization, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Passion for Study, Self Compassion Scale (SCS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC), Life Satisfaction and Demoralization Scale (DS).
Results: In a sample of 292 medical students, women (62.8%), older than 21 years (66.9%), 72.7% reported anxiety and 65.5% sleep problems. The multiple regression model shows that dysphoria is the variable that reports the greatest predictive capacity of importance with 34.8%, followed by having trouble sleeping with 24.4%, discouragement 22.4%, over-identification 13.9% and concern about getting infected 4.5%.
Conclusions: Concern and uncertainty in the hospital environments where medical students are prepared and trained increase the risk of anxiety, due to the perception of adverse conditions and frustration as part of their profession.
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Palabras clave: ansiedad,
COVID-19,
desmoralización,
estudiantes universitarios,
malestar psicológico,
Evaluación de la función cognitiva diaria del adulto y adulto mayor mediante el uso del ECog (everyday cognition). Evaluation of the daily cognitive function of adults and elderly adults through the use of ECog (everyday cognition).
Introduction: Older adulthood is the stage of life where significant biological changes occur, such as a decrease in cognitive function. The ECog is a valuable tool for detecting early changes in declining cognitive function and subjective cognitive impairment. It can be answered by an informant (relative) without needing the patient to be present. It can be applied to patients with a low educational level or some disability without this limitation.
Objective: To know the changes in the daily cognitive function of adults and older adults for decades. (50-59, 60-69, >70 years) using the ECog.
Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, randomized, survey-type study. Patients over 50 who attended a Family Medicine consultation for any reason other than dementia were included, patients who did not wish to participate were excluded, and incomplete surveys were eliminated. The n was 180 patients, 60 for each age group (group 1=50-59 years, group 2=60-69 years, and group 3=>70 years). The ECog was applied to the patients (answered by an informant). The means were calculated by age group, the variation between each group was calculated using a means comparison formula, the prevalence of Subjective Cognitive Impairment (cut-off point in ECog>1.36) was calculated by age group, and the most affected domains.
Results: The decrease in cognitive function measured by the ECog increased significantly with age in each group (Anova p value less than 0.001) and the prevalence of cases with Subjective Cognitive Impairment. The most affected functions were memory, attention and organization. The least affected domain was language.
Conclusion: A significant decline in cognitive function was observed with advancing age. The ECog is an excellent tool, easy
and straightforward to use for the Primary Care physician.
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Correlación entre la calidad de sueño y actividad de la enfermedad en pacientes con Espondiloartritis. Correlation between sleep quality and disease activity in patients with Spondyloarthritis.
Objective: To evaluate the quality of sleep and its relationship with disease activity in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).
Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional study, in patients of 18 to 65 years of age with a diagnosis of SpA. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality, and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS-CRP), Disease Activity in PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) instruments were used to assess disease activity.
Results: 72 were evaluated with SpA. The overall median age was 42 (IQ 33.75 – 56.25), the mean sleep quality measured by PSQI was 9.15 ± 4.11. Scores 8 and 9 presenting more frequently with 10 subjects each, followed by score 10, present in 9 individuals. 59 patients with SpA were found to have a PSQI score>5 or poor sleep quality. A significant association was observed for sleep quality measured by PSQI, and disease activity assessed by BASDAI (r 0.530; P<0.001), ASDAS-CRP (r 0.533; P<0.001), DAPSA (r 0.368; P=0.002), VGP (r 0.478; P<0.001), VGM (r 0.382; P=0.001), VAS (r 0.522; P<0.001), SJC/66 (r 0.286; P=0.019), ESR (r -0.363; P =0.021). An association was observed between the use of antidepressants and gabapentinoids with sleep quality by PSQI, showing r 0.30; P=0.005, and r 0.25; P=0.029, respectively.
Conclusion: In patients with SpA, poor sleep quality is an independent factor of greater disease activity.
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Enfermedad de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, revisión de literatura: Una entidad infrecuente con tratamiento efectivo. Literature review on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: An infrequent entity with effective treatment.
Introduction: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an uncommon systemic inflammatory disease of autoimmune etiology. It can present neurological, auditory, dermatological, and ophthalmological manifestations, it has a well-established natural clinical course with variations between different states, which constitutes a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice.
Development: A search of literature on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease available until July 2023 in the databases PubMed and Scopus was carried out, including MeSH terms “Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease,” “Uveitis,” “Uveitis-Meningitis Syndrome,” “Aseptic meningitis.”
Conclusions: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is considered an infrequent and multifaceted condition, which constitutes a diagnostic challenge. There is evidence supporting a mechanism of autoimmunity mediated by T-lymphocytes against melanocyte antigens, the triggering factor is still uncertain. The diagnosis of this disease is clinical, associated with complementary imagenologic and laboratory exams, it is necessary to conform better diagnostic criteria to achieve an early diagnosis and treatment, oriented to obtain better clinic results for patients with this disease.
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Mielopatía en enfermedad por descompresión. Myelopathy in decompression sickness.
Decompression sickness (DCS) refers to the clinical manifestations caused by the formation of bubbles of an inert gas in
the tissues. It is associated with changes in environmental pressure during diving, and injuries to the central nervous system in the disease are not uncommon. We present a case of severe thoracic spinal cord injury in DCS in a diver.
We highlight the typical aspects of DCS in the case for easy recognition by non-specialist physicians. Prevention and prompt initiation of recompression therapy are the cornerstones of DCS management.
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Análisis neuropsicológico en un caso de Afasia Global. Neuropsychological analysis in a case of Global Aphasia.
Acquired brain damage generates a series of neuropsychological alterations, among which we can highlight aphasia. This syndrome is characterized by language impairment, with its main features being deficits in fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, writing and calculation. In this article we present the case of a patient suffering from global aphasia, who presents severe linguistic alterations. The state of the disease and its neuropsychological condition are analyzed. Finally, we close this analysis, highlighting the need for a correct neuropsychological approach at the level of diagnosis and rehabilitation which can help the patient.
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Encefalomielitis aguda diseminada tras infección por herpes virus. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after herpes virus infection.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rapid inflammatory and demyelinating process of the central nervous
system, mainly affecting the white matter, but also the gray matter. It usually occurs after viral infections or vaccinations. The case of a 26-year-old patient with sensory symptoms and weakness in the left extremities is presented. Tests showed brain and cerebellar lesions with possible demyelination. ADEM is suspected due to a history of herpes zoster. Corticosteroids are administered with satisfactory evolution. ADEM is a serious process that can affect children and adolescents and presents MRI findings similar to Multiple Sclerosis. The diagnosis is exclusionary, the treatment is with corticosteroids, but it can leave sequelae.
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Calidad del sueño y contaminación visual nocturna. Sleep quality and nighttime visual pollution.
Palabras clave: Calidad del sueño,
Contaminación visual nocturna,
Ecuador,
Escala de Pittsburgh,
Zonas rurales,
Validez y confiabilidad de la tarea experimental de Redes Atencionales para investigaciones de neuropsicología en el contexto ecuatoriano. Validity and reliability of the experimental task of Attentional Networks for neuropsychological research in the Ecuadorian context
The main experimental tasks in the area of neuroscience and psychology have been performed in industrialized populations, but they have not been developed and adapted in a Latin population. The aim of this study was to validate the attentional networks task in an Ecuadorian sample. For this purpose, a construct validity analysis was carried out through an analysis of variance and correlation between the networks; and a reliability analysis for the global components of the attentional networks.
The results showed main and interaction effects proving construct validity in the population. Likewise, for the interaction validity, a high significant correlation was found between all conditions of the attentional networks. For the reliability analysis, a moderate and high relationship was found for the orientation and cognitive control network, but not for the alertness network.
At the end, the importance of the validation of the experimental tasks in the Latin American population and the clinical relevance in the field of neuropsychology are discussed.
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Neuroeducación física: Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico en la atención alternante, planificación y memoria visuoconstructiva en estudiantes universitarios. Physical neuroeducation: Effects of aerobic exercise on alternating attention, planning and visuoconstructive memory in university students
Introduction: There are numerous reports of the positive effects of physical exercise on various cognitive variables such as attention, mental flexibility, memory, inhibitory control, etc. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of an aerobic exercise session on alternating attention, planning and visual constructive memory in physical education students from a university in Santiago de Chile.
Methodology: Quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of physical education pedagogy students, where 15 were the control group was 15, and 20 subjects were the experimental group. The instruments used were the symbols and digits test of Smith, Tower of Hanoi and Rey Complex Figure Test.
Results: There was significative improvement in the experimental group: alternating attention (p=0.018), at the time of the planning test (p=0.005), visuoconstructive memory (p=0.000).
Conclusions and Recommendations: Aerobic exercise improves attention, memory, and planning functions, which could promote the line of study of neurophysical education, so it is suggested within the projections to investigate with different intensities, age ranges and other cognitive variables.
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Insomnio y factores asociados entre los estudiantes de medicina que se recuperaron de la infección aguda por COVID-19. Insomnia and associated factors among medical students recovering from acute COVID-19 infection
Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic significantly affected the mental health of a large portion of the population, with sleep disorders, including insomnia, being notable after COVID-19 infection. One of the populations most affected were university students in the healthcare field, which was the focus of our study.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between factors associated with insomnia in medical students during the Long-Covid period.
Methods: Data was collected through a survey that included questions about sociodemographic aspects, health habits, sleep disturbances such as insomnia, and COVID-19 history. The severity of insomnia and subjective sleep quality were measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive statistics, Spearman and Kendall correlations, one-way ANOVA, and odds ratios were evaluated.
Results: A total of 117 students were included in the study, with a mean age of 21.8 ± 1.96 years and 58.1% being female. It was found that 65% of medical students experienced some degree of insomnia, while 78.6% reported difficulty sleeping. The Kendall and Spearman correlation coefficients between PSQI and ISI were 0.49 and 0.55, respectively (p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between self-reported physical health, emotional health, among others.
Discussion: The prevalence of subclinical insomnia (39.3%) and moderate sleep difficulty (47%) is noteworthy. Significant correlations were found between insomnia scales, sleep quality, and an inverse correlation with emotional health. Limitations of the study include the use of ordinal and nominal variables, as well as the number of participants. It is recommended to replicate the study with a larger sample size and utilize a longitudinal design to assess the evolution of insomnia and sleep difficulty over time.
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Propiedades psicométricas de un Instrumento de Tamizaje para Autismo (ITEA) en niños y adolescentes del Ecuador. Psychometric properties of an Autism Screening Instrument (ITEA) in children and adolescents from Ecuador
This study explores factorial validity of the Autism Spectrum Screening Test (ITEA) for the identification of autism in schooled children and adolescents in Ecuador. The psychometric study analyzes the validity and reliability, as well as internal consistency of the elements of the scale. The sample consisted of 848 autistic people, and 350 non-autistic, of ages between 4 and 17 years old, who attended regular schools. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis shows that the ITEA adjustment model behaves adequately for the Ecuadorian population, corroborated by means of a model of four first-order factors and a second-order general agglutinating factor with 32 items, in fact, the absolute, relative, and non-centrality-based fit indicators confirm this. In addition, the scale is highly reliable in terms of internal consistency with ω= .92 [.91 – .93], since it allows obtaining greater precision in the evaluation of the studied construct. It can be concluded that evidence of factorial validity and reliability show that the ITEA, in its structural model, is adequately adjusted for the screening of autism in schooled children with ages between 4 to 17 years old
in Ecuador. According to Support Vector Machines (SVM), which allows information regarding the accuracy of each evaluated item, the set of 42 items reached 89.04% Analysis using the Request for Evidence test (RFE) showed that, in order to increase the accuracy level of ITEA, 31 items exceeded the global value. Regarding the 7 categories evaluated (language, communication, social skills, affectivity, information processing, inflexibility, and sensory perception), a value of 89.387% was obtained, according to the SVM algorithm with “rbf” kernel. The data shows the ability of ITEA to show specific characteristics to identify autism
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Trail Making Test TMT: Primera aproximación a las propiedades psicométricas en población ecuatoriana adulta. Trail Making Test TMT: First approach to the psychometric properties in the adult Ecuadorian population
Background: The Trail Making Test (TMT) is the most widely used test in Latin America to measure sustained attention (Part A) and executive function (Part B). However, the scales used show differences in the references averages between groups of populations.
Objective: To determine the referential averages of the TMT test, considering the effect of the sociodemographic factor, in order to provide normative data in Ecuadorian adult population, from 18 to 90 years of age.
Method: A quantitative method was developed, with a non-experimental design, based on psychometric techniques in a nonprobabilistic sample of a total of 1679 Ecuadorian participants . The TMT test, part A and B, was administered.
Results: 57.4% of the sample corresponded to female participants, while 42.6% consisted of male participants. The majority coming from the city of Quito (41.7%). The mean age was 34 years, and most reported higher education. The weightings of the referential averages in part A for the general sample were (M: 34.1; SD: 13.2), while in part B it was (M: 77.9; SD: 39.8). Comparing the scores obtained by gender and by age groups, no significant differences were observed; however, in the TMT-B part, the group with higher education (> 12 years) obtained a better performance, compared to the groups with fewer years of education (P=0,000).
Conclusions: the referential averages for the TMT test in the Ecuadorian population show dependence on the sociodemographic factor associated with schooling. In addition, those obtained were observed slightly below the scales provided in other Latino populations. Therefore, it suggests the construction of a referential scale for the TMT test, adapted to the Ecuadorian cultural context
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Number of Neurologists and Neurology Training Programs available in the Public Health System of Ecuador: Analysis and Recommendations. Número de Neurólogos y Programas de Entrenamiento en Neurología disponibles en el Sistema de Salud Público del Ecuador: Análisis y Recomendaciones.
Introduction: In 2008, Ecuador’s neurologic healthcare profile displayed significant needs, a lack of neurologists, and neurology training accessibility. In that year, a new constitution introduced universal health care. No publication analyzes Ecuador’s neurological Public Healthcare capacity. Hence, an up-to-date analysis of the number of neurologists and neurology training programs is required.
Objective: Determine if Ecuador’s public healthcare meets the minimum ideal ratio recommended by the World Health Organization of 1 neurologist per 100,000 population and the numb er of neurology training programs in Ecuador.
Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of public data until November 2022 from Ecuador’s Public Health System (PHS) and the Council of Higher Education. Ratios were calculated using the N ational Institute of Statistics and Censuses’ information.
Results: The public health network had ninety-four neurologists. Most found in Pichincha (37/39.4%) and Guayas (24/25.5%). There was one per province in five provinces. No neurologists were available in eight provinces. Two provinces met the ideal ratio. Ecuador’s ratio was 0.54:100,000 neurologists per population. One neuro logy training program was found in Quito.
Conclusion: Ecuador’s PHS has a shortage of neurologists, unfulfilling the minimum ideal ratio, and a severe lack of neurology training. Decentralizing neurological services, primary care support, and governmental funding for neurology training are an urgent need.
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Análisis Clínico y Evolutivo de Pacientes Con Estado Epiléptico Refractario Acorde el Esquema de Tratamiento de Tercera Línea Utilizado. Clinical And Outcome Analysis Of Patients With Refractory Status Epilepticus According To The Third-Line Treatment Scheme Used
Introduction: The evidence available in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is limited.
Objective: Evaluate the clinical and outcome factors in patients with refractory status epilepticus (RSE) according the third line treatment used (midazolam-MDL and/or propofol-PRO).
Methods: Retrospective cohort study included 34 patients treated by RSE during November 2015 to June 2018.Variables: Age, severity and etiology of RSE, pretreatment level of consciousness, anesthetic drugs (MDL-PRO), outcome at hospital discharge and 3 months according Rankin score.
Results: Mean of age of the patients was 51.21±22.3 years and 32.4% (11) had previous history of epilepsy. Super RSE (SSRE) was diagnosed in 35.3% (12) of sample. Mortality reached up 50% of patients and extended to 55.9% at 3 months. Patients treated with MDL had higher rate of vasopressor needs (71.4% vs 50.0%) and the group who received a scheme of combined treatment MDL-PRO included mainly a SSRE patients (p≤0.01), higher rate of tracheostomy (p=0.03), vasopressor drugs (p=0.01) and diminished dosage of anesthetic drugs (p=0.05). Surveillance analysis according Kaplan Meier curve did not found significant differences at 3 months in survival rate between groups. MDL vs PRO (Log Rank=0. 17), MDL vs MDL-PRO (Log Rank=0. 49) y PRO vs MDL-PRO (Log Rank=0. 48).
Conclusion: Patients with RSE had a high mortality, without evidence of increase of mortality in groups according anesthetic drugs used and schemed of treatment applied.
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Palabras clave: Coma terapéutico inducido,
Estatus epiléptico,
Estatus Epiléptico refractario,
Midazolam,
Propofol,
Causas de Traumatismo Intracraneal en Pacientes Atendidos en el Servicio de Emergencias del Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil. Causes Of Traumatic Brain Injury In Patients Admitted To The Emergency Department Of A Specialty Hospital In Guayaquil
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an alteration in brain function caused by an external force. The most common causes of TBI are falls and traffic accidents, the latter being the most c ommon in low-income countries.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with a diagnosis of intracranial trauma in the emergency department of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 with the aim of analyzing its causes, clinical and radiological characteristics.
Results: 324 patients were analyzed within the study, evidencing that the most common cause of TBI was traffic accident followed by falls. TBI is more common in men with a mean age of 40 years. Using Pearson’s chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, a statistically significant association was found between cause with age and length of hospital stay (p<0.001). However, there were no significant associations between the specific cause of TBI with patient clinical variables or mortality (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The most prevalent cause of intracranial trauma was traffic accident. There is an association between the cause of TBI and length of hospital stay.
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Asociación entre Inflamación y Desempeño Cognitivo en Adultos: Revisión Sistemática en PubMed 2017-2022. Association Between Inflammation And Cognitive Performance In Adults: Systematic Review In Pubmed 2017-2022.
Introduction: The decline of cognitive functions is one of the main negative changes associated with aging. In recent years, interest has grown in determining whether inflammation affects cognitive decline and to what extent. The objective was to review the literature for studies that investigated the association between inflammation and performance in specific cognitive domains (example, memory, attention, or language), and in adults of all ages.
Methods: The PubMed database was consulted between 2017-2022. A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement and 27 scientific articles were selected.
Results: 26 out of 27 articles warned that greater inflammation is associated with poorer performance in attention, memory, executive functions, language, and processing speed, among the main cognitive domains. The evidence includes adults of various ages with and without a history of inflammatory or neuropsychiatric disease. Eight longitudinal studies indicated that inflammation is an important predictor of cognitive decline.
Conclusion: The reviewed studies suggest that a higher level of inflammation is associated with worse performance in specific cognitive domains, with evidence for adults of different ages, with and without a history of disease. Some methodological recommendations are offered to improve the comparability between studies.
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Intervenciones Cognitivas, Emocionales y Educativas Para Niños en Primera Infancia. Revisión Sistemática. Cognitive, Emotional And Educational Interventions For Children In Early Childhood. Systematic Review.
Introduction. It is essential to implement intervention processes during early childhood for the recognition and management of emotions. This stage of development is the foundation for learning and for acquisition of cognitive, behavioral, and social skills.
Objective. Evaluate the quality of the interventions from the cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects in early childhood, which allow guiding educational programs for the development an d strengthening of emotional intelligence.
Method. A search was performed in digital databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, APA PsycNET, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Pubmed between January 2013 and August 2022.
Results. 165 articles were identified in the aforementioned databases, resulting in 26 articles after using the different selection filters and inclusion criteria. Interventions focused on the family (14 interventions), the school (7 interventions) and the children (4 interventions) were identified.
Discussion. The interest in the development of intervention programs for children in early childhood with quality standards at the research level (clinical trials, large samples, bias control) and with positive results that reveal the importance of carrying out adequate accompaniment in said stage is highlighted development.
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Neurodegeneración con acumulación de hierro en el cerebro: Primer reporte de caso en Ecuador. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: First case report in Ecuador
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a rare group of neurodegenerative diseases that present extrapyramidal symptoms, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. A prevalence of 1 to 2 cases per million inhabitants is estimated. In Latin America, there is no estimated prevalence, although there are some reported cases with typical presentation. The first case report of this disease in Ecuador is presented, in an atypical presentation, under the ruling out of differentials and compliance with diagnostic criteria.
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Palabras clave: Acumulación cerebral de hierro,
Neurodegeneración,
Keywords: Brain iron accumulation,
Neurodegeneration,
